Amazing Medicinal Properties Of Emodin

[haidut]

This thread is similar to the one I created for beta-lapachone and in support of the Lapodin supplement I released.

Lapodin: https://raypeatforum.com/community/...pplement-with-beta-lapachone-and-emodin.9423/

Beta-lapachone: https://raypeatforum.com/community/...roperties-of-beta-lapachone-v-lapachone.9422/

I know Ray has written about some of the positive effects of emodin - an anthraquinone from Cascara, rhubarb, burdock, etc. However, there is no condensed list of the studies on its effects. Today, I released the supplement Lapodin and it contains emodin.

In the past, people have complained that the thread on my supplements is daunting to read when I dump there a few dozen studies. So, I thought that instead of overwhelming the Lapodin thread with studies I'd better post them separately and then simply refer people to this thread.
So here is the avalanche of positive studies for emodin. I sincerely doubt that any pharmaceutical drug (besides possibly aspirin and cyproheptadine) has been the subject of so many independent (read: unsponsored / untainted) studies, over so many years, for so many different issues. If my prediction of systemic effect magnitude being predictive of benefit is true then emodin easily beats any pharma drug sold in the last 30 years. Being a potent quinone, most (if not all) of the emodin benefits are due to its stimulation of respiration and especially raising NAD levels.
I did my best to separate the studies in sections by topic but I may have misplaced a few studies, so if you find such a case please let me know so that I can put it in the right section/topic.



Miscellaneous
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24428231
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23962559
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23864887 (anti-estrogen)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23696164
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21442678
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17540366



Cancer/Hypoxia
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26813281
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26782786
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26722474
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26722264
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26683360
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26682731
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26629030
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26628989
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26524020
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26238071
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26162964
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26081222
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26018259
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25987055
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25948190
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25891176
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25834536
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25744842
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25673059
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25607726
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25580427
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25370743
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25318952
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25311112
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25272825
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25187829
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25174432
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25124606
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25081669
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25040975
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24707862
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24620697
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24157255
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24115089
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24065213
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23975033
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23866157
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23848338
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23763280
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23700228
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23524196
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23484691
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23480347
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23472074
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23440366
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26555969
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23046742
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22992976
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22974371
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22876305
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22799356
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22679728
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22565822
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22532249
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22378302
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22375400
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22343391
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22321733
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22299827
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22159556
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22137788
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22040955
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22038303
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21861846
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21805032
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21769433
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21743963
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21660305
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21608232
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21542284
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21491088
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21468555
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21438405
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21382473



Cortisol/Diabetes/Obesity
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26759701
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26626587
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26299942
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25232702
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24981886
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24691542
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24140264
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23303186
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22922341
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22673833
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22649478
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22645054
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22408453
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20718744
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19699280
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18785977
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17511151
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12150738


Inflammation/CVD
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26159184
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26139382
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26131983
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26113441
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26001677
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25867480
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25634255
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24964845
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24855831
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24837536
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24751713
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24114447
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22791134
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22667136
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22426603
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22271272
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21881229
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21767904
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17939930
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16494030



Bones/Dental
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25832436
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25187845
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24594415
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24565373
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23729279
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23685361
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21245807
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20368118
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18387517



Neurological/Mental/Mood
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25590369
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25562207
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25064046
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25206430
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21303687
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21275776
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21137369
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24932776
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20863847
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20573598
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18301953
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17897641



Endotoxin/Gastrointestinal/Liver/Pancreas/Kidney
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26742314
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26550148
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26308161
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26084177
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26031413
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25957424
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25792514
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25565015
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25351888
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25347274
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25228362
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25173984
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24912640
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24874440
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24750844
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24741989
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24740873
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24727085
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24649070
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24190079
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24189982
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24028150
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23605470
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23551520
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23499696
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22735924
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22563203
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22452333
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22103790
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22044459
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22020806
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21912566
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21308995
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21265105
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20575398
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19968079
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19067753
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18706249
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15918207
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11776026



Anti-viral/Anti-bacterial/Anti-parasitic/Anti-fungal
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26670446
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26621875
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26446827
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26151018
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25998658
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25966789
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25892872
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24670452
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24448066
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21356245
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21050882
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20925591
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19960563
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18552872
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16940925
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16338070
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15242821
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9462956
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8133650



Allergy/Respiratory
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25519442
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24239713
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23238477
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22484343
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21907188
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18785980

 

[jyb]

I share your enthusiasm for emodin as it doesn't seem to have obvious side effects (other than accelerated gut transit), unlike things cyproheptadine which side effects can make it very impractical for some (drowsyness, mood and a lot more complaints on this forum).

Speaking of side effects, have you looked at this recent thread? https://raypeatforum.com/community/threads/cascara-supresses-immune-system.8497/#post-115350

 

[haidut]

I share your enthusiasm for emodin as it doesn't seem to have obvious side effects (other than accelerated gut transit), unlike things cyproheptadine which side effects can make it very impractical for some (drowsyness, mood and a lot more complaints on this forum).

Speaking of side effects, have you looked at this recent thread? https://raypeatforum.com/community/threads/cascara-supresses-immune-system.8497/#post-115350

As another forum member noted, it sounds like serotonin symptoms. Never heard or seen studies of emodin/cascara producing such effects. But of course it is good to always be mindful of side effects.

 

[jyb]

As another forum member noted, it sounds like serotonin symptoms. Never heard or seen studies of emodin/cascara producing such effects. But of course it is good to always be mindful of side effects.

The thread does link to studies. Although they don't refer to an obvious symptom. I myself also have trouble imagining any immediate and obvious symptom from cascara after years of use.

 

[haidut]

The thread does link to studies. Although they don't refer to an obvious symptom. I myself also have trouble imagining any immediate and obvious symptom from cascara after years of use.

That one study says emodin is an antagonist on P2X7 receptor. Another one is P5P. Both substances are anti-inflammatory but to describe them as immunosuppressive is unwarranted IMO. Blocking P2X7 is used for treating HIV, and the last thing these people need is an immunosuppressant. So, no, blocking P2X7 is not immunosuppressive (assuming this is the mechanism of action of emodin in that study).
http://www.jimmunol.org/content/early/2012/03/26/jimmunol.1102482.full.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4659914/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4340214/

 

[Dan W]

Here's "title-ified" versions of the links, I think this should help people that search for keywords related to their conditions.

Miscellaneous

• Emodin, an anthraquinone derivative, protects against gamma radiation-induced toxicity by inhibiting DNA damage and oxidative stress.
• Targeted abrogation of diverse signal transduction cascades by emodin for the treatment of inflammatory disorders and cancer.
• Emodin and Aloe-Emodin Suppress Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation through ER α Inhibition.
• Emodin prevents ethanol-induced developmental anomalies in cultured mouse fetus through multiple activities.
• Inhibition of experimental atopic dermatitis by rhubarb (rhizomes of Rheum tanguticum) and 5-lipoxygenase inhibition of its major constituent, emodin.
• Emodin, an anthraquinone derivative from Rheum officinale Baill, enhances cutaneous wound healing in rats.

Cancer/Hypoxia

• [Effects of emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside on cell apoptosis and expression of Bcl-2/Bax in cervical cancer SKOV3 cells].
• Emodin enhances the demethylation by 5-Aza-CdR of pancreatic cancer cell tumor-suppressor genes P16, RASSF1A and ppENK.
• Emodin induces apoptosis of human osteosarcoma cells via mitochondria- and endoplasmic reticulum stress-related pathways.
• Emodin induces apoptosis of human breast cancer cells by modulating the expression of apoptosis-related genes.
• Emodin potentiates the antiproliferative effect of interferon `/β by activation of JAK/STAT pathway signaling through inhibition of the 26S proteas...
• Antitumor Effects and Mechanism of Novel Emodin Rhamnoside Derivatives against Human Cancer Cells In Vitro.
• ROS/p38/p53/Puma signaling pathway is involved in emodin-induced apoptosis of human colorectal cancer cells.
• Emodin inhibits HMGB1-induced tumor angiogenesis in human osteosarcoma by regulating SIRT1.
• [Effect of Emodin Combined with AZT on the Proliferation and the Expression of BCL-2, NF-κB, TGF-β in the Leukemia Stem Cells-KG-1a cells].
• Emodin inhibits angiogenesis in pancreatic cancer by regulating the transforming growth factor-β/drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic pathway...
• Anti-tumor effect of emodin on gynecological cancer cells.
• Emodin inhibits the proliferation of PC3 prostate cancer cells in vitro via the Notch signaling pathway.
• [Effect of emodin on proliferation and cell cycle of human oral squamous carcinoma Tca8113 cells in vitro].
• Effects of Aloe-emodin and Emodin on Proliferation of the MKN45 Human Gastric Cancer Cell Line.
• [Effects of the Combination of Emodin and 3'-Azido-3'-Deoxythymidine on Proliferation and Apoptosis in leukemia KG-1a cells Transfected with Egr-1 ...
• Effects of emodin on the demethylation of tumor-suppressor genes in pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells.
• Inhibitory effect of emodin on human hepatoma cell line SMMC-7721 and its mechanism.
• [Inhibitory effect of emodin on the growth of cervical cancer in tumor-transplanted mice and underlying mechanism].
• The anthraquinone derivative Emodin inhibits angiogenesis and metastasis through downregulating Runx2 activity in breast cancer.
• Emodin attenuates radioresistance induced by hypoxia in HepG2 cells via the enhancement of PARP1 cleavage and inhibition of JMJD2B.
• Emodin augments cisplatin cytotoxicity in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer cells via ROS-dependent MRP1 downregulation.
• Inhibitory effect of emodin on migration, invasion and metastasis of human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro and in vivo.
• Amelioration of hypoxia and LPS-induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction by emodin through the suppression of the NF-κB and HIF-1α signali...
• Emodin suppresses pulmonary metastasis of breast cancer accompanied with decreased macrophage recruitment and M2 polarization in the lungs.
• [Research progress of emodin anti-gallbladder carcinoma].
• Emodin inhibits LOVO colorectal cancer cell proliferation via the regulation of the Bcl-2/Bax ratio and cytochrome c.
• Emodin enhances ATRA-induced differentiation and induces apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia cells.
• Emodin inhibits breast cancer cell proliferation through the ERα-MAPK/Akt-cyclin D1/Bcl-2 signaling pathway.
• Inhibitory effects of low-dose aloe-emodin on the development of colorectal tumors in min mice.
• Emodin-provoked oxidative stress induces apoptosis in human colon cancer HCT116 cells through a p53-mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
• Potential antineoplastic effects of Aloe-emodin: a comprehensive review.
• [Effect of Aloe emodin on invasion and metastasis of high metastatic breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells].
• Emodin represses TWIST1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells by inhibiting the β-catenin and A...
• Emodin modulates epigenetic modifications and suppresses bladder carcinoma cell growth.
• The distinct mechanisms of the antitumor activity of emodin in different types of cancer (Review).
• Emodin elicits cytotoxicity in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells through inducing apoptosis.
• Emodin induces apoptosis of human cervical cancer hela cells via intrinsic mitochondrial and extrinsic death receptor pathway.
• Emodin inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in an orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma model by blocking activation of STAT3.
• Emodin induces cytotoxic effect in human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cell through modulating the expression of apoptosis-related genes.
• An anthraquinone derivative, emodin sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma cells to TRAIL induced apoptosis through the induction of death receptors a...
• Anthraquinone emodin inhibits human cancer cell invasiveness by antagonizing P2X7 receptors.
• [Synthesis of emodin derivatives and their inhibiting effects on proliferation of leukemia cell lines].
• Emodin: inhibitory effects on growth in malignant tumors.
• Emodin suppresses migration and invasion through the modulation of CXCR4 expression in an orthotopic model of human hepatocellular carcinoma.
• Emodin sensitizes the gemcitabine-resistant cell line Bxpc-3/Gem to gemcitabine via downregulation of NF-κB and its regulated targets.
• Cellular Redox Status Regulates Emodin-Induced Radiosensitization of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells In Vitro and In Vivo.
• Emodin affects ERCC1 expression in breast cancer cells.
• Emodin induces Panc-1 cell apoptosis via declining the mitochondrial membrane potential.
• Emodin as an effective agent in targeting cancer stem-like side population cells of gallbladder carcinoma.
• Antitumor activity of emodin against pancreatic cancer depends on its dual role: promotion of apoptosis and suppression of angiogenesis.
• Effects of emodin extracted from Chinese herbs on proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer and underlying mechanisms.
• [Emodin combined gemcitabine inhibited the growth of pancreatic cancer in vitro and in vivo and its mechanisms study].
• Emodin regulates apoptotic pathway in human liver cancer cells.
• Aloe-emodin suppresses prostate cancer by targeting the mTOR complex 2.
• Emodin potentiates the antitumor effects of gemcitabine in PANC-1 pancreatic cancer xenograft model in vivo via inhibition of inhibitors of apoptosis.
• [Experimental study on anti-metastasis effect of emodin on human pancreatic cancer].
• Aloe emodin induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via activation of caspase-6 in human colon cancer cells.
• Antitumor effects of emodin on LS1034 human colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo: roles of apoptotic cell death and LS1034 tumor xenografts model.
• Emodin inhibits invasion and migration of prostate and lung cancer cells by downregulating the expression of chemokine receptor CXCR4.
• Emodin reverses gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer cells via the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway in vitro.
• Emodin inhibits migration and invasion of DLD-1 (PRL-3) cells via inhibition of PRL-3 phosphatase activity.
• [Effects of emodin on human erythroleukemia cell line HEL].
• Apoptosis of Dalton's lymphoma due to in vivo treatment with emodin is associated with modulations of hydrogen peroxide metabolizing antioxidant en...
• Apoptosis by aloe-emodin is mediated through down-regulation of calpain-2 and ubiquitin-protein ligase E3A in human hepatoma Huh-7 cells.
• Antitumor and apoptosis-promoting properties of emodin, an anthraquinone derivative from Rheum officinale Baill, against pancreatic cancer in mice ...
• Emodin potentiates the anticancer effect of cisplatin on gallbladder cancer cells through the generation of reactive oxygen species and the inhibit...
• Enhanced antitumor efficacy by the combination of emodin and gemcitabine against human pancreatic cancer cells via downregulation of the expression...
• Emodin Induces Apoptotic Death in Murine Myelomonocytic Leukemia WEHI-3 Cells In Vitro and Enhances Phagocytosis in Leukemia Mice In Vivo.
• [Effect of emodin combined gemcitabine on the growth and apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC-3 in vitro].
• [Role of nuclear factor-kappaB on emodin-induced sensitization of pancreatic cancer to gemcitabine].
• Antiproliferative and antimetastatic effects of emodin on human pancreatic cancer.
• Emodin potentiates the antitumor effects of gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer cells via inhibition of nuclear factor-κB.
• [Emodin enhances antitumor effect of gemcitabine in model of SW1990 cell xenograft on athymic mouse].
• Emodin and [6]-gingerol lessen hypoxia-induced embryotoxicities in cultured mouse whole embryos via upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and...

Cortisol/Diabetes/Obesity

• Aloe-Emodin Protects RIN-5F (Pancreatic β-cell) Cell from Glucotoxicity via Regulation of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine and Downregulation of Bax and C...
• Emodin improves lipid and glucose metabolism in high fat diet-induced obese mice through regulating SREBP pathway.
• Extract of Rhizoma Polygonum cuspidatum reduces early renal podocyte injury in streptozotocin‑induced diabetic rats and its active compound emodin ...
• Emodin protects against diabetic cardiomyopathy by regulating the AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway in the rat model.
• Emodin up-regulates glucose metabolism, decreases lipolysis, and attenuates inflammation in vitro.
• Emodin suppresses hyperglycemia-induced proliferation and fibronectin expression in mesangial cells via inhibiting cFLIP.
• Emodin attenuates high glucose-induced TGF-β1 and fibronectin expression in mesangial cells through inhibition of NF-κB pathway.
• Emodin regulates glucose utilization by activating AMP-activated protein kinase.
• Emodin, an 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitor, regulates adipocyte function in vitro and exerts anti-diabetic effect in ob/ob mice.
• Emodin protects against high-fat diet-induced obesity via regulation of AMP-activated protein kinase pathways in white adipose tissue.
• Emodin, a Naturally Occurring Anthraquinone Derivative, Ameliorates Dyslipidemia by Activating AMP-Activated Protein Kinase in High-Fat-Diet-Fed Rats.
• Aloe-emodin inhibits adipocyte differentiation and maturation during in vitro human mesenchymal stem cell adipogenesis.
• Emodin prevents intrahepatic fat accumulation, inflammation and redox status imbalance during diet-induced hepatosteatosis in rats.
• Emodin, a natural product, selectively inhibits 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and ameliorates metabolic disorder in diet-induced obese...
• Anti-diabetic effects of emodin involved in the activation of PPARgamma on high-fat diet-fed and low dose of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.
• Hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic effects of emodin and its effect on L-type calcium channels in dyslipidaemic-diabetic rats.
• [Effect of emodin on proliferation and differentiation of rat preadipocytes].
• Effect of emodin on proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte and FAS activity.

Inflammation/CVD

• Diesel Exhaust Particles Induce Impairment of Vascular and Cardiac Homeostasis in Mice: Ameliorative Effect of Emodin.
• Emodin Attenuates Cigarette Smoke Induced Lung Injury in a Mouse Model via Suppression of Reactive Oxygen Species Production.
• Emodin Inhibits Homocysteine-Induced C-Reactive Protein Generation in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells by Regulating PPARγ Expression and ROS-ERK1/2/p3...
• Emodin prevents intima thickness via Wnt4/Dvl-1/β-catenin signaling pathway mediated by miR-126 in balloon-injured carotid artery rats.
• Emodin mitigates diesel exhaust particles-induced increase in airway resistance, inflammation and oxidative stress in mice.
• Anti-inflammatory effect of emodin via attenuation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
• Inhibition of mechanical stress-induced hypertrophic scar inflammation by emodin.
• [Emodin-induced increase in expression of β1 subunit of BKCa channel mediates relaxation of cerebral basilar artery in spontaneously hypertensive r...
• Effects of emodin and irbesartan on ventricular fibrosis in Goldblatt hypertensive rats.
• Emodin enhances cholesterol efflux by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ in oxidized low density lipoprotein-loaded THP1 macro...
• Emodin accentuates atrial natriuretic peptide secretion in cardiac atria.
• Emodin-6-O-β-D--glucoside inhibits high-glucose-induced vascular inflammation.
• Emodin, a naturally occurring anthraquinone, ameliorates experimental autoimmune myocarditis in rats.
• [Research progress of the anti-proliferation effect of emodin on VSMCs].
• Emodin inhibits tumor necrosis factor-α-induced migration and inflammatory responses in rat aortic smooth muscle cells.
• Protective effects of emodin against cisplatin-induced oxidative stress in cultured human kidney (HEK 293) cells.
• Emodin inhibits proinflammatory responses and inactivates histone deacetylase 1 in hypoxic rheumatoid synoviocytes.
• Sonodynamic effect of an anti-inflammatory agent--emodin on macrophages.
• Emodin-mediated protection from acute myocardial infarction via inhibition of inflammation and apoptosis in local ischemic myocardium.
• [Preventive effects of emodin on cerebral ischemia injury and expression of the inflammatory factors in rats with cerebral ischemia].

Bones/Dental

• Emodin regulates bone remodeling by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and stimulating osteoblast formation.
• Effect of emodin on the cariogenic properties of Streptococcus mutans and the development of caries in rats.
• CT imaging biomarker for evaluation of emodin as a potential drug on LPS-mediated osteoporosis mice.
• Emodin enhances osteogenesis and inhibits adipogenesis.
• Therapeutic effect of emodin on collagen-induced arthritis in mice.
• Emodin suppresses inflammatory responses and joint destruction in collagen-induced arthritic mice.
• Emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside from Polygonum amplexicaule D. Don var. sinense Forb. promotes proliferation and differentiation of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 ...
• [Therapeutic effect of emodin in experimental periodonititis rats].
• Emodin accelerates osteoblast differentiation through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation and bone morphogenetic protein-2 gene expression.

Neurological/Mental/Mood

• Blockade of emodin on amyloid-β 25-35-induced neurotoxicity in AβPP/PS1 mice and PC12 cells through activation of the class III phosphatidylinosito...
• Emodin induces neurite outgrowth through PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β-mediated signaling pathways in Neuro2a cells.
• Emodin inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase in a rat model of craniocerebral explosive injury.
• Emodin prevents hypoxic-ischemic neuronal injury: Involvement of the activin A pathway.
• Effect of emodin on neuropathic pain transmission mediated by P2X2/3 receptor of primary sensory neurons.
• Emodin-induced microglial apoptosis is associated with TRB3 induction.
• [Neuroprotective effects of emodin on primary rat cortical neurons apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide].
• Emodin opposes chronic unpredictable mild stress induced depressive-like behavior in mice by upregulating the levels of hippocampal glucocorticoid ...
• The anthraquinone derivative emodin attenuates methamphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion and startle response in rats.
• Neuroprotective effects of emodin in rat cortical neurons against beta-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity.
• The anthraquinone derivative Emodin ameliorates neurobehavioral deficits of a rodent model for schizophrenia.
• Neuroprotective effects of emodin-8-O-beta-D-glucoside in vivo and in vitro.

Endotoxin/Gastrointestinal/Liver/Pancreas/Kidney

• Effect of emodin on Aquaporin 5 expression in rats with sepsis-induced acute lung injury.
• Anti-inflammatory effect of emodin on lipopolysaccharide-induced keratitis in Wistar rats.
• Emodin ameliorates lipopolysaccharides-induced corneal inflammation in rats.
• [Effect of emodin in attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress of pancreatic acinar AR42J cells].
• Emodin ameliorates hepatic steatosis through endoplasmic reticulum-stress sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c pathway in liquid fructose-f...
• Attenuation of Inflammation by Emodin in Lipopolysaccharide-induced Acute Kidney Injury via Inhibition of Toll-like Receptor 2 Signal Pathway.
• Emodin protects against concanavalin A-induced hepatitis in mice through inhibiting activation of the p38 MAPK-NF-κB signaling pathway.
• Emodin inhibits splenocyte proliferation and inflammation by modulating cytokine responses in a mouse model system.
• Emodin has a protective effect in cases of severe acute pancreatitis via inhibition of nuclear factor‑κB activation resulting in antioxidation.
• Emodin ameliorates LPS-induced acute lung injury, involving the inactivation of NF-κB in mice.
• Emodin ameliorates ethanol-induced fatty liver injury in mice.
• Emodin ameliorated lipopolysaccharide-induced fulminant hepatic failure by blockade of TLR4/MD2 complex expression in D-galactosamine-sensitized mice.
• [Hypoxia/reoxygenation and lipopolysaccharide induced nuclear factor-ΚB and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α signaling pathways in intestinal epithelial...
• Emodin inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory response by activating PPAR-γ in mouse mammary epithelial cells.
• [Effect of emodin on expression of farnesoid X receptor in rats with acute cholestatic hepatitis].
• [The effect of emodin on the contraction of isolated jejunum smooth muscle of rats].
• Emodin attenuates systemic and liver inflammation in hyperlipidemic mice administrated with lipopolysaccharides.
• The laxative effect of emodin is attributable to increased aquaporin 3 expression in the colon of mice and HT-29 cells.
• In vitro effects of emodin on peritoneal macrophage intercellular adhesion molecule-3 in a rat model of severe acute pancreatitis/systemic inflamma...
• Emodin attenuates calcium overload and endoplasmic reticulum stress in AR42J rat pancreatic acinar cells.
• In vitro effects of emodin on peritoneal macrophages that express membrane-bound CD14 protein in a rat model of severe acute pancreatitis/systemic ...
• Emodin inhibits ATP-induced IL-1β secretion, ROS production and phagocytosis attenuation in rat peritoneal macrophages via antagonizing P2X₇ receptor.
• Effect of emodin on endoplasmic reticulum stress in rats with severe acute pancreatitis.
• Emodin improves lipopolysaccharide-induced microcirculatory disturbance in rat mesentery.
• Emodin ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced mastitis in mice by inhibiting activation of NF-κB and MAPKs signal pathways.
• Suppression of lipopolysaccharide-induced upregulation of toll-like receptor 4 by emodin in mouse proximal tubular epithelial cells.
• Emodin promoted pancreatic claudin-5 and occludin expression in experimental acute pancreatitis rats.
• Characteristics of emodin on modulating the contractility of jejunal smooth muscle.
• Hepatoprotection of emodin and Polygonum multiflorum against CCl(4)-induced liver injury.
• Abrogation of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by emodin in rats.
• Emodin inhibits the differentiation and maturation of dendritic cells and increases the production of regulatory T cells.
• Protective Effects of Emodin and Chrysophanol Isolated from Marine Fungus Aspergillus sp. on Ethanol-Induced Toxicity in HepG2/CYP2E1 Cells.
• Emodin prolongs recipient survival time after orthotopic liver transplantation in rats by polarizing the Th1/Th2 paradigm to Th2.
• [Protective effects of emodin on intestinal lesion in rat model with acute necrotizing pancreatitis].
• [Effect of emodin on P-gp expression in intrahepatic cholestatic rats].
• [Effects of emodin on expression of cytokines induced by lipopolysaccharide in corneal fibroblasts].
• Emodin reverses CCl induced hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymatic and ultrastructural changes: The in vivo evidence.
• Protective effects of emodin and astragalus polysaccharides on chronic hepatic injury in rats.
• Effect of emodin on small intestinal peristalsis of mice and relevant mechanism.
• Emodin on hepatic fibrosis in rats.

Anti-viral/Anti-bacterial/Anti-parasitic/Anti-fungal

• Antiviral effect of emodin from Rheum palmatum against coxsakievirus B5 and human respiratory syncytial virus in vitro.
• Emodin Inhibits Coxsackievirus B3 Replication via Multiple Signaling Cascades Leading to Suppression of Translation.
• Emodin affects biofilm formation and expression of virulence factors in Streptococcus suis ATCC700794.
• In vitro and in vivo antileishmanial effects of aloe-emodin on Leishmania major.
• The direct anti-MRSA effect of emodin via damaging cell membrane.
• Emodin is identified as the active component of ether extracts from Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati, for anti-MRSA activity.
• Inhibitory effects of emodin, baicalin, schizandrin and berberine on hefA gene: treatment of Helicobacter pylori-induced multidrug resistance.
• [Effects of emodin on IL-23/IL-17 inflammatory axis, Th17 cells and viral replication in mice with viral myocarditis].
• Inhibition of Epstein-Barr virus lytic cycle by an ethyl acetate subfraction separated from Polygonum cuspidatum root and its major component, emodin.
• Emodin inhibits current through SARS-associated coronavirus 3a protein.
• The effect of emodin, an anthraquinone derivative extracted from the roots of Rheum tanguticum, against herpes simplex virus in vitro and in vivo.
• Synergistic effect of emodin in combination with ampicillin or oxacillin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
• Inhibitory effect of emodin and Astragalus polysaccharide on the replication of HBV.
• Emodin is a novel alkaline nuclease inhibitor that suppresses herpes simplex virus type 1 yields in cell cultures.
• Inhibition of the replication of hepatitis B virus in vitro by emodin.
• Correlation between reduction potentials and inhibitory effects on Epstein-Barr virus activation by emodin derivatives.
• Membrane-related effects underlying the biological activity of the anthraquinones emodin and barbaloin.
• Emodin-induced inhibition of growth and DNA damage in the Helicobacter pylori.
• Antitrichomonal action of emodin in mice.

Allergy/Respiratory

• Protective effect of emodin against airway inflammation in the ovalbumin-induced mouse model.
• Emodin attenuates A23187-induced mast cell degranulation and tumor necrosis factor-α secretion through protein kinase C and IκB kinase 2 signaling.
• Anti-allergic activity of emodin on IgE-mediated activation in RBL-2H3 cells.
• Effects of an anthraquinone derivative from Rheum officinale Baill, emodin, on airway responses in a murine model of asthma.
• Emodin, a naturally occurring anthraquinone derivative, suppresses IgE-mediated anaphylactic reaction and mast cell activation.
• Inhibitory effect of emodin on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice.

 

[Nighteyes]

Interestingly, when I tried cascara for constipation I immediately had a sinus infection along with a general feeling of the flu. This happened two independent times of use. Of course it might have been serotonin, but I read a few studies back then that put me off emodin for the time being:


Emodin induces human T cell apoptosis in vitro by ROS-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23811723

Immunosuppressive effects of emodin: an in vivo and in vitro study.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19545739

Immunosuppressive effect of emodin, a free radical generator.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1535596


Not trying so put down the product here or anything, just trying to understand emodin better as I am tempted to try it again from a purer source (which you Haidut has just brought to us! yay).

Any thought on the quality / content of studies above?

 

[Spondive]

I see this a lot with chronic use of anthroquinone laxatives when doing colonoscopies...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanosis_coli

What do you guys make if this?

 

[Spondive]

I think my above post mainly applies to taking specifically Senna but not totally sure

 

[ejalrp]

Interestingly, when I tried cascara for constipation I immediately had a sinus infection along with a general feeling of the flu. This happened two independent times of use. Of course it might have been serotonin, but I read a few studies back then that put me off emodin for the time being:


Emodin induces human T cell apoptosis in vitro by ROS-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23811723

Immunosuppressive effects of emodin: an in vivo and in vitro study.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19545739

Immunosuppressive effect of emodin, a free radical generator.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1535596


Not trying so put down the product here or anything, just trying to understand emodin better as I am tempted to try it again from a purer source (which you Haidut has just brought to us! yay).

Any thought on the quality / content of studies above?

I'd also like to hear some feedback on the above studies putting emodim in a less flattering light.

 

[haidut]

Interestingly, when I tried cascara for constipation I immediately had a sinus infection along with a general feeling of the flu. This happened two independent times of use. Of course it might have been serotonin, but I read a few studies back then that put me off emodin for the time being:


Emodin induces human T cell apoptosis in vitro by ROS-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23811723

Immunosuppressive effects of emodin: an in vivo and in vitro study.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19545739

Immunosuppressive effect of emodin, a free radical generator.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1535596


Not trying so put down the product here or anything, just trying to understand emodin better as I am tempted to try it again from a purer source (which you Haidut has just brought to us! yay).

Any thought on the quality / content of studies above?

I think we already discussed this in another thread. Emodin is used for immunocompromised conditions like HIV, and leukemia, and is in clinical trials right now. If it was indeed immunosuppressive, that would have been a show-stopper for such conditions. The flu-like symptoms are most likely gut irritation, but there is no way to tell for sure without doing a more controlled experiment with some blood tests.

 

[haidut]

I think my above post mainly applies to taking specifically Senna but not totally sure

Peat is against using Senna and like you said the blackening of the colon is mostly seen with Senna products OR with very high dose Cascara (up to 1tbsp) used chronically. I think the effects is due not to emodin but to one of the other anthraquinones in Cascara. Actually the plain anthraquinone molecule has some toxicity (unlike emodin) and this is why it was used to develop some of the early anthracyclin therapies - i.e. to kill "cancer" cells. Hopefully, nobody here is ingesting tablespoons of cascara on a regular basis.

 

[SQu]

"Hopefully, nobody here is ingesting tablespoons of cascara on a regular basis."

1/8 to 1/4 tsp cascara but more - 1 heaped tsp - pau d arco daily. Enough for concern? Or is beta lapachone not a problem in this way?

 

[haidut]

"Hopefully, nobody here is ingesting tablespoons of cascara on a regular basis."

1/8 to 1/4 tsp cascara but more - 1 heaped tsp - pau d arco daily. Enough for concern? Or is beta lapachone not a problem in this way?

Not even close to a tablespoon, which is usually 3-4 tsp

 

[superhuman]

For me that struggle with endotoxin that results in to high estrogen and cortisol. I use carrot salad daily and i use cascara before bed.
So far it has not helped much so i want to increase it. Is taking some cascara 3 times a day a good way as a "therapy" for lowering endotoxin?

 

[haidut]

For me that struggle with endotoxin that results in to high estrogen and cortisol. I use carrot salad daily and i use cascara before bed.
So far it has not helped much so i want to increase it. Is taking some cascara 3 times a day a good way as a "therapy" for lowering endotoxin?

I don't know that cascara helps directly with endotoxin. What it does is speed up food transit through colon so less endotoxin is formed, and also once endotoxi is formes the emodin in cascara helps negate some of the effects of endotoxin on NO and serotonin. If you suspect you have high endotoxin, maybe some antibiotics won't hurt.

 

[superhuman]

@haidut yeah i try to get my hands on antibiotics but i need prescription in my country, so that sux big time

 

[mujuro]

haidut, have you found anything in your readings that indicates that the anthraquinones in Pau D'arco would inflict similar damages on the colon as high dose Cascara?

 

[haidut]

haidut, have you found anything in your readings that indicates that the anthraquinones in Pau D'arco would inflict similar damages on the colon as high dose Cascara?

No, I have not seen anything indicating that the lapachones would have the same effect on colon. Also, if you take it topically cascara won't have the colon-darkening effects it exhibits when taken orally.

 

[mujuro]

No, I have not seen anything indicating that the lapachones would have the same effect on colon. Also, if you take it topically cascara won't have the colon-darkening effects it exhibits when taken orally.

Good to know. I just got my order of cascara and PDA capsules, but in light of this thread, I instead ordered some of your Lapodin. I'll keep the cascara for its laxative benefits and use sparingly.